Applied Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering

The field of Applied Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering, as partial preparation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering, covers the subject matter described below.

 

Minimum Preparation for Major Field Students Examination

The Major Field Examination is an eight hour examination covering material from the syllabus. Part of the examination will cover material in the core; all students are responsible for this pan. The remainder of the examination will cover material from the elective sections of the syllabus. In advance of the examination, each student shall inform his adviser of the core elective topics on which he wishes to be tested.

 

Syllabus for the Major Field Core Topics

I.        Fundamentals of plasma physics (MAE M185)

A.       Particle motion in electromagnetic field; adiabatic invariants

B.       Fluid equations and diamagnetic drifts

C.       Debye shielding; plasma sheaths

D.       Maxwell's equations in the plasma; the equivalent dielectric tensor

E.       Electrostatic and electromagnetic plasma waves at principal angles to a magnetic field; cutoffs and resonances

F.       Diffusion in partially ionized gases

G.       Resistivity and diffusion in fully ionized gases; In A. factor; magnetic viscosity

H.       Magnetohydrodynamic {MHD) theory

1.       Single-fluid equations

2.       Hydromagnetic equilibrium in confinement geometries

3.       Basic types of instabilities

I.        Kinetic theory; Vlasov equation and Landau damping

J.        Anomalous transport processes K. Basic diagnostic techniques

II.      Fundamentals of fusion engineering (MAE 137)

A.       Fusion reactions and fuel cycles; thermonuclear conditions; Lawson and ignition criteria

B.       Magnetic mirror confinement: tandem mirrors, energy and particle flows, power balance

C.       Toroidal magnetic confinement: tokamak, stellarator, reversed-field pinch

D.       Start-up and burning-plasma analysis

E.       Inertial confinement laser and particle beam drivers; concepts of compression, central ignition, and burn-wave propagation

F.       Fusion blanket design and nuclear analysis; tritium breeding: induced radioactivity

G.       Fission-fusion hybrids

H.       Tritium: inventor, methods of recovery

I.        Magnets: superconductivity; structural design

J.        Radiation damage to materials: influence on design

K.       Designs of fusion reactors

 

Elective Topics

III.    Linear waves in uniform plasmas (EE28SA)

A.       Waves in cold and warm plasmas: CMA diagram; phase velocity surfaces; polarization and particle orbits; Fredericks and Stringer diagrams for low-frequency waves

B.       Electromagnetic waves: ordinary and extraordinary waves, Appleton-Hartree formula, microwave diagnostics. Alfven waves whistlers, e.m., cyclotron waves

C.       Electrostatic waves: Bohm-Gross waves, ion acoustic waves. two-ion hybrid waves, e.g. cyclotron waves

D.       Wave packets and group velocity in anisotropic media; resonance cones

E.       Waves in hot plasmas: Bernstein modes. cyclotron harmonics, Landau and cyclotron damping

F.       Damping and excitation of waves: resistivity. viscosity, neutral collisions, resonant particles; grids, coils

G.       Waves in bounded plasmas; Trivelpiece-Gould modes

H.       Accessibility and tunneling

I.        R. F. heating of plasmas

J.        Tonks-Dattner resonances

IV.     Waves and instabilities in non-uniform plasmas (EE28SB)

A.       Beam-plasma interactions; convective and absolute instabilities

B.       Streaming instabilities; Penrose criterion; current-driven instabilities

C.       Energy and momentum of waves; positive and negative energy waves

D.       Drift waves and universal instabilities

E.       Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities

F.       Instabilities in partially ionized gases (Simon-Hoh. Kadomtsev-Nedospasov)

G.       Wave propagation in inhomogeneous plasmas: Budden tunneling, resonance absorption

H.       Ponderomotive force. optical mixing, parametric decay and OTS, stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering, filamentation, two-plasmon decay; saturation mechanisms

I.        Nonlinear waves; Kortweg-deVries and nonlinear Schrödinger equations; shock waves, solitons

J.        Quasilinear diffusion

V.       Magnetic confinement of plasmas (EE286'MAE237 A)

A.       MHD equilibrium: simple axisymmetric configurations, virial theorem, force-free fields, rotational transform and toroidal equilibrium; Grad-Shafranov equation

B.       MHD stability: energy principle. interchange and kink instabilities, Suydam criterion, Kroskal limit, shear, and min-B stabilization. finite Larmor radius stabilization

C.       Microinstabilities: drift, ballooning, tearing, and trapped particle modes

D.       Toroidal confinement

1.       Tokamaks: banana orbits, q and Q, islands, sawteeth, Mirnov oscillations, disruptions, impurity diffusion, runaway electrons, Alcator and Murakami scaling, elongated cross sections, flux conservation, profile consistency

2.       Neoclassical and Pfirsch-Schlüter diffusion

3.       Convective and poloidal Bohm diffusion

4.       Minimum-B devices: multipoles, spherators, levitrons

E.       Mirror confinement

1.       Ioffe bars, min-K principle

2.       Velocity space diffusion and electron drag

3.       The DCLC instability and its control

4.       Tandem mirrors, axisymmetric plugs, thermal barriers

5.       Field reversal; compact torus

F.       Plasma heating; ohmic heating, neutral beam injection, rf heating and current drive, magnetic pumping

VI.     Plasma diagnostics (Phys. 180E. EE282B. EE289S)

A.       Faraday rotation, microwave interferometry and scattering

B.       Langmuir probes

C.       Neutral and ion beam probes

D.       Magnetic probes, Rogowski coils. diamagnetic loops

E.       Optical and uv spectroscopy

F.       Soft x-ray diagnostics

G.       Synchrotron radiation

H.       Particle detectors and velocity analyzers

I.        Laser diagnostics: Thomson scattering and holography in the far-IR, IR, and visible

VII.   Fusion plasma physics and analysis (MAE237B/EE287)

A.       Plasma energy and particle balance

B.       Radiation processes: bremsstrahlung, synchrotron and recombination radiation

C.       Atomic processes in plasmas; impurities

D.       Fokker-Planck equation; equilibrium and slowing down rates

E.       Plasma heating; neutral beam injection

F.       Plasma burn modes; burn kinetics and thermal stability; Q calculation of driven plama reactors

G.       Mirror reactor physics; tandem mirror burn dynamics

H.       Tokamak reactor physics; β limits, transport, start-up and burn dynamics

VIII. Plasma engineering and technology (MAE237B/EE287, MAE237C/EE288)

A.       Plasma-surface interactions

B.       Physics and technology of limiters, divertors, and direct converters

C.       Plasma fueling

D.       Technology of plasma heating: neutral beams. rf. lasers, pulsed power, heavy ion accelerators

IX. Fusion engineering and reactor design (MAE237C/EE288)

A.       Fusion reactor concepts and designs)

B.       Neutronics: nuclear responses, nuclear heating, radioactivity

C.       Fuel cycle: function, description, analysis

D.       Blanket function and design

E.       Self-cooled liquid metal blankets

F.       Solid breeder blankets

G.       In-vessel components; first wall, limiter, divertor

H.       Radiation shielding: design and analysis

I.        Magnet systems: normal and superconducting magnet design, cryogenic stability, radiation effects

X.       Nuclear fuel element behavior (MAE236A)

A.       Fuel swelling due to fission gases

B.       Pore migration and fuel restructuring kinetics

C.       Fission gas release

D.       Mechanical properties of fuel materials

E.       Structural behavior of fuel elements and assemblies

XI.     Radiation damage in reactor materials (MAE236B)

A.       Ion transport in solids

B.       Theory of collision cascades

C.       Ion ranges

D.       Damage and ion distributions

E.       Backscattering and reflection

F.       Sputtering and blistering

G.       Displacement damage

H.       Microstructure evolution and kinetic behavior

I.        Relationship to mechanical properties

J.        Embrittlement, swelling, irradiation creep

XII.   Nuclear reactor theory (MAE235A)

A.       Physics and mathematics of fission reactor core design

B.       Diffusion theory

C.       Reactor kinetics

D.       Slowing down and thermalization

E.       Multigroup method

F.       Cell calculations for heterogeneous core lattices

XIII. Kinetic theory of plasmas and particle transport (MAE235B)

A.       Transport phenomena

B.       Liouville equation, Boltzmann collision integral and H-theorem

C.       Fokker-Planck, neutron and radiation transport equations

D.       Fluid moment equations

E.       Dispersion relations

F.       Space and time relaxation phenomena

XIV.  Reactor thermal hydraulic design (MAE136)

A.       Thermal hydraulic design of various nuclear power reactor concepts

B.       Power cycles

C.       Power generation and heat removal

D.       Thermal and hydraulic and component design

E.       Overall plant design

F.