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Applied Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering The
field of Applied Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering, as partial preparation
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering, covers the subject
matter described below. Minimum Preparation for Major Field
Students Examination The
Major Field Examination is an eight hour examination covering material
from the syllabus. Part of the examination will cover material in the
core; all students are responsible for this pan. The remainder of the
examination will cover material from the elective sections of the syllabus.
In advance of the examination, each student shall inform his adviser
of the core elective topics on which he wishes to be tested. Syllabus for the Major Field Core
Topics
I.
Fundamentals of plasma
physics (MAE M185)
A.
Particle motion in
electromagnetic field; adiabatic invariants
B.
Fluid equations and
diamagnetic drifts
C.
Debye shielding; plasma
sheaths
D.
Maxwell's equations
in the plasma; the equivalent dielectric tensor
E.
Electrostatic and electromagnetic
plasma waves at principal angles to a magnetic field; cutoffs and resonances
F.
Diffusion in partially
ionized gases
G.
Resistivity and diffusion
in fully ionized gases; In A. factor; magnetic viscosity
H.
Magnetohydrodynamic
{MHD) theory
1.
Single-fluid equations
2.
Hydromagnetic equilibrium
in confinement geometries
3.
Basic types of instabilities
I.
Kinetic theory; Vlasov
equation and Landau damping
J.
Anomalous transport
processes K. Basic diagnostic techniques
II.
Fundamentals of fusion
engineering (MAE 137)
A.
Fusion reactions and
fuel cycles; thermonuclear conditions; Lawson and ignition criteria
B.
Magnetic mirror confinement:
tandem mirrors, energy and particle flows, power balance
C.
Toroidal magnetic confinement:
tokamak, stellarator, reversed-field pinch
D.
Start-up and burning-plasma
analysis
E.
Inertial confinement
laser and particle beam drivers; concepts of compression, central ignition,
and burn-wave propagation
F.
Fusion blanket design
and nuclear analysis; tritium breeding: induced radioactivity
G.
Fission-fusion hybrids
H.
Tritium: inventor,
methods of recovery
I.
Magnets: superconductivity;
structural design
J.
Radiation damage to
materials: influence on design
K.
Designs of fusion reactors
Elective Topics
III.
Linear waves in uniform
plasmas (EE28SA)
A.
Waves in cold and warm
plasmas: CMA diagram; phase velocity surfaces; polarization and particle
orbits;
B.
Electromagnetic waves:
ordinary and extraordinary waves, Appleton-Hartree formula, microwave
diagnostics. Alfven waves whistlers, e.m., cyclotron waves
C.
Electrostatic waves:
Bohm-Gross waves, ion acoustic waves. two-ion hybrid waves, e.g. cyclotron
waves
D.
Wave packets and group
velocity in anisotropic media; resonance cones
E.
Waves in hot plasmas:
Bernstein modes. cyclotron harmonics, Landau and cyclotron damping
F.
Damping and excitation
of waves: resistivity. viscosity, neutral collisions, resonant particles;
grids, coils
G.
Waves in bounded plasmas;
Trivelpiece-Gould modes
H.
Accessibility and tunneling
I.
R. F. heating of plasmas
J.
Tonks-Dattner resonances
IV.
Waves and instabilities
in non-uniform plasmas (EE28SB)
A.
Beam-plasma interactions;
convective and absolute instabilities
B.
Streaming instabilities;
Penrose criterion; current-driven instabilities
C.
Energy and momentum
of waves; positive and negative energy waves
D.
Drift waves and universal
instabilities
E.
Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities
F.
Instabilities in partially
ionized gases (Simon-Hoh. Kadomtsev-Nedospasov)
G.
Wave propagation in
inhomogeneous plasmas: Budden tunneling, resonance absorption
H.
Ponderomotive force.
optical mixing, parametric decay and OTS, stimulated Brillouin and Raman
scattering, filamentation, two-plasmon decay; saturation mechanisms
I.
Nonlinear waves; Kortweg-deVries
and nonlinear Schrödinger equations; shock waves, solitons
J.
Quasilinear diffusion
V.
Magnetic confinement
of plasmas (EE286'MAE237 A)
A.
MHD equilibrium: simple
axisymmetric configurations, virial theorem, force-free fields, rotational
transform and toroidal equilibrium; Grad-Shafranov equation
B.
MHD stability: energy
principle. interchange and kink instabilities, Suydam criterion, Kroskal
limit, shear, and min-B stabilization. finite Larmor radius stabilization
C.
Microinstabilities:
drift, ballooning, tearing, and trapped particle modes
D.
Toroidal confinement
1.
Tokamaks: banana orbits,
q and Q, islands, sawteeth, Mirnov oscillations, disruptions, impurity
diffusion, runaway electrons, Alcator and Murakami scaling, elongated
cross sections, flux conservation, profile consistency
2.
Neoclassical and Pfirsch-Schlüter
diffusion
3.
Convective and poloidal
Bohm diffusion
4.
Minimum-B devices:
multipoles, spherators, levitrons
E.
Mirror confinement
1.
Ioffe bars, min-K principle
2.
Velocity space diffusion
and electron drag
3.
The DCLC instability
and its control
4.
Tandem mirrors, axisymmetric
plugs, thermal barriers
5.
Field reversal; compact
torus
F.
Plasma heating; ohmic
heating, neutral beam injection, rf heating and current drive, magnetic
pumping
VI.
Plasma diagnostics
(Phys. 180E. EE282B. EE289S)
A.
Faraday rotation, microwave
interferometry and scattering
B.
Langmuir probes
C.
Neutral and ion beam
probes
D.
Magnetic probes, Rogowski
coils. diamagnetic loops
E.
Optical and uv spectroscopy
F.
Soft x-ray diagnostics
G.
Synchrotron radiation
H.
Particle detectors
and velocity analyzers
I.
Laser diagnostics:
Thomson scattering and holography in the far-IR, IR, and visible
VII.
Fusion plasma physics
and analysis (MAE237B/EE287)
A.
Plasma energy and particle
balance
B.
Radiation processes:
bremsstrahlung, synchrotron and recombination radiation
C.
Atomic processes in
plasmas; impurities
D.
Fokker-Planck equation;
equilibrium and slowing down rates
E.
Plasma heating; neutral
beam injection
F.
Plasma burn modes;
burn kinetics and thermal stability; Q calculation of driven plama reactors
G.
Mirror reactor physics;
tandem mirror burn dynamics
H.
Tokamak reactor physics;
β limits, transport, start-up and burn dynamics
VIII.
Plasma engineering and technology (MAE237B/EE287,
MAE237C/EE288)
A.
Plasma-surface interactions
B.
Physics and technology
of limiters, divertors, and direct converters
C.
Plasma fueling
D.
Technology of plasma
heating: neutral beams. rf. lasers, pulsed power, heavy ion accelerators
IX.
Fusion engineering and reactor design (MAE237C/EE288)
A.
Fusion reactor concepts
and designs)
B.
Neutronics: nuclear
responses, nuclear heating, radioactivity
C.
Fuel cycle: function,
description, analysis
D.
Blanket function and
design
E.
Self-cooled liquid
metal blankets
F.
Solid breeder blankets
G.
In-vessel components;
first wall, limiter, divertor
H.
Radiation shielding:
design and analysis
I.
Magnet systems: normal
and superconducting magnet design, cryogenic stability, radiation effects
X.
Nuclear fuel element
behavior (MAE236A)
A.
Fuel swelling due to
fission gases
B.
Pore migration and
fuel restructuring kinetics
C.
Fission gas release
D.
Mechanical properties
of fuel materials
E.
Structural behavior
of fuel elements and assemblies
XI.
Radiation damage in
reactor materials (MAE236B)
A.
Ion transport in solids
B.
Theory of collision
cascades
C.
Ion ranges
D.
Damage and ion distributions
E.
Backscattering and
reflection
F.
Sputtering and blistering
G.
Displacement damage
H.
Microstructure evolution
and kinetic behavior
I.
Relationship to mechanical
properties
J.
Embrittlement, swelling,
irradiation creep
XII.
Nuclear reactor theory
(MAE235A)
A.
Physics and mathematics
of fission reactor core design
B.
Diffusion theory
C.
Reactor kinetics
D.
Slowing down and thermalization
E.
Multigroup method
F.
Cell calculations for
heterogeneous core lattices
XIII.
Kinetic theory of plasmas and particle
transport (MAE235B)
A.
Transport phenomena
B.
Liouville equation,
Boltzmann collision integral and H-theorem
C.
Fokker-Planck, neutron
and radiation transport equations
D.
Fluid moment equations
E.
Dispersion relations
F.
Space and time relaxation
phenomena
XIV.
Reactor thermal hydraulic design (MAE136)
A.
Thermal hydraulic design
of various nuclear power reactor concepts
B.
Power cycles
C.
Power generation and
heat removal
D.
Thermal and hydraulic
and component design
E.
Overall plant design
F.
Startup, steady-state,
and transient operation
XV.
Convective heat transfer
(MAE231A)
A.
Conservation equations
for mass, momentum, and energy
B.
Similarity in forced
and free convection
C.
Laminar boundary layer
equations
D.
Similarity solutions
for constant property two-dimensional boundary layer
E.
Laminar flow in ducts
F.
Transport in turbulent
flows
G.
Turbulent forced convection
external boundary layers
H.
Turbulent flow in ducts
I.
Laminar and turbulent
free convection boundary layers
XVI.
Numerical methods for engineering applications
(MAE192C)
A.
Matrix algebra
B.
Lagrange interpolation
and quadrature methods
C.
Numerical solutions
for ordinary differential equations
1.
Initial value problems
2.
Boundary value problems
D.
Numerical solutions
for partial differential equations
1.
Parabolic
2.
Elliptic
3.
Hyperbolic
E.
Integral equations
Minimum Preparation for Major Field
Students The body of knowledge in Sections I and II, in two of Sections
III through XIII, and in two others of Sections III through XVI. Recommended Course Preparation Major Field Students
selecting Applied Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering as their major
field are responsible for the core sections I and II comprising material
contained in EE185 and MAE137. In addition to this core material, students
are to choose four elective sections from those numbered ill through
XVI. The material described in sections ill through XVI is contained
in one or more appropriate courses, as indicated in the syllabus for
each section. Those students who wish to emphasize applied plasma physics
in the Ph.D. dissertation research should select the majority of their
four electives from sections III-IX. Students wishing to emphasize fusion
engineering in their PhD. dissertation research should select the majority
of their four electives from Sections VIII-XVI. Thesis students should
be familiar with the current literature in their chosen field of research
and become acquainted with recent developments in plasma physics and
fusion engineering by attending the various seminars, colloquia. and
tutorials offered by the faculty, staff, and visitors working in the
field. Minor Field Students
electing Applied Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering as a minor field
can satisfy the minor requirement by taking EE185 or MAE135D and two
courses from the following list: EE285A, 2858, 286 (MAE237A),
Phys. 180E, 222A, MAE2378 (EE287), M237C (EE288), 236B, 235B References The
following books can be helpful to students emphasizing applied plasma
physics:
1.
F. Chen, "Introduction
to Plasma Physics," 2nd ed., Plenum, 1983. (EE185)
2.
Schmidt, "Physics
of High Temperature Plasmas," Academic Press, 1979. (EE286/MAE237A,
Phys. 222)
3.
N. Krall and A. W.
Trivelpiece, "Principles of Plasma Physics," McGraw-Hill,
1973. (Phys. 222)
4.
T. H. Stix, "Theory
of Plasma Waves,'. McGraw-Hill, 1962. (EE285AB)
5.
L. Spitzer, Jr., "Physics
of Fully Ionized Gases," 2nd ed., Wiley, 1962. (EE185, 285A, EE2861MAE237
A)
6.
V. L. Ginzburg, "The
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasmas," Pergamon Press,
1964. (EE2858)
7.
R. Huddlestone and
S. Leonard, e&., "Plasma Diagnostic
Techniques," Academic Press, 1965. (MAE2378/EE287)
8.
K. Nishikawa and C.
S. Liu, "Parametric Instabilities in Plasma" in Advances
in Plasma Physics, Vol. 6, ed. by A. Simon and W. B. Thompson,
Wiley-Interscience, 1976. (EE2858)
9.
B. Milhailovsky, "Theory
of Plasma Instabilities," Vols. 1 and 2, Consultants Bureau, 1974.
10.
E. Keen, ed., "Plasma
Physics,"
11.
E. Sindoni and C. Wharton,
eds., "Diagnostics for Fusion Experiments," Pergamon Press,
1979.
12.
W. Lochte-Holtgreven,
ed., "Plasma Diagnostics,"
13.
N. C. Luhmann, Jr.,
"Instrumentation and Techniques for Plasma Diagnostics: An Overview,"
in Infrared and Millimeter Waves, ed. by K. J. Button, Vol. II,
Academic Press, 1979.
14.
"Review Modem
Fusion Diagnostics," to be published in Review of Scientific Instruments
(a)
N. C. Luhmann and W.
A. Peebles -Magnetic Confinement Diagnostics
(b)
M. Campbell -Inertial
Confinement Diagnostics
15.
"Nonlinear Wave
Effects in Laboratory Plasmas: A Comparison Between Theory and Experiment,"
M. Porkolab and R. P. H. Chang, Review of Mod. Phys. ~ 745 (1978).
16.
"Waves and Microinstabilities
in Plasmas,"
(a)
Linear Effects: J.E.
Allen and A. D. R. Phelps, Rep. Prog. Phys. 40, 1305
(b)
Nonlinear Effects:
R. N. Franklin, Rep. Prog. Phys. 40 1369 (1977). The
following books can be helpful to students emphasizing fusion physics
and engineering:
1.
R. A. Gross, "Fusion
Energy," Wiley & Sons, 1982. (MAE137)
2.
R. W. Conn, "Magnetic
Fusion Reactors," in ~ ed. by E. Teller, Vol. IB, pp. 193-410,
Academic Press, 1981. (MAE137)
3.
T. J. Dolan, "Fusion
Research," Vols. 1-3, Pergamon Press, 1982. (MAEI37)
4.
W. M. Stacey, Jr.,
"Fusion Plasma Analysis," Wiley, 1981. (EE286/MAE237A, MAE237B/EE287)
5.
P. Shkarofsky, T. W.
Johnston and M. P. Bachynski, "The Particle Kinetics of Plasmas,"
Addison- Wesley, 1966. (EE287/MAE237B)
6.
J. Duderstadt and G.
A. Moses, "Inertial Confinement Fusion," Wiley 1982. (MAE237B/EE287)
7.
J. Rose and M. Clark,
"Plasmas and Controlled Fusion," M.I.T. Press, 1961. (EE286'MAE237
A, MAE237B/EE287, MAE237C/EE288)
8.
B. Davison, "Neutron
Transport Theory,"
9.
10.
J. J. Duderstadt and
W. R. Martin, "Transport Theory," Wiley, 1979. (MAE235A)
11.
Clark and K. Hans en,
"Numerical Methods of Reactor Analysis," Academic Press, 1964.
(MAE235C)
12.
Greenspan, C. N. Kleber,
and D. Okrent, "Computing Methods in Reactor Physics," Gordon
and Breach, 1968. (MAE235C)
13.
R. W. Varga, "Matrix
Interactive Analysis," Prentice-Hall, 1962). (MAE235C)
14.
R. D. Richtmyer and
K. W. Morton, "Difference Methods for Initial-Value Problems,"
2J1d Ed., Wiley-Interscience, 1967. (MAE235C)
15.
D. R. Orlander, "Fundamental
Aspects of Nuclear Reactor Fuel Elements,'"
16.
Y. Y. Hsu and R. W.
Graham, "Transport Processes in Boiling and Two-Phase Systems,"
McGraw- Hill, 1976. (MAE231C)
17.
R. T. Lahey and F.
J. Moody, "Thermal Hydraulics of Boiling Water Reactors,"
American Nuclear Society, 1977. (MAE231C)
18.
M. EI-Wakil, "Nuclear
Power Engineering," McGraw-Hill, 1962 (MAE136B)
19.
W. Thompson, "Defects
and Radiation Damage in Metals,"
20.
L. T. Chadderton, "Radiation
Damage in Literature: Pertinent Journals and
Serial Publications Nuclear
Fusion Physical
Review Letters Applied
Physics Letters Physics
of Fluids Plasma
Physics and Controlled Fusion Soviet
Journal of Plasma Physics IEEE
Trans. on Plasma Science Journal of Fusion Energy Nuclear
Technology Fusion
Technology Nuclear
Science and Engineering Nuclear
Engineering and Design/Fusion Journal
of Nuclear Materials Journal
of Heat Transfer Comments
on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Transactions
of the American Nuclear Society Plasma
Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research: 1961, 1965, 1968, 1971,
1974, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984 Published every other year
by the International Atomic Energy Agency, J.
of Vacuum Science and Technology Inter.
Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves Review
of Scientific Instruments |